显卡直通的配置教程网上非常零散，此文是自己的实践肝货。

GPU Passthrough

Enable the IOMMU

vim /etc/default/grub

Intel CPU

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on" 

update-grub

Required Modules

这一步很重要，不同的pve版本，因为内核版本不同，所以这里的设置也不同，proxmox 6.2的设置参考了牛人的视频：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fkKIMF3HZw

vim /etc/modules

vfio
vfio_pci
vfio_virqfd

IOMMU Interrupt Remapping

dmesg | grep 'remapping'

If you see one of the following lines:

“AMD-Vi: Interrupt remapping enabled” “DMAR-IR: Enabled IRQ remapping in x2apic mode” (‘x2apic’ can be different on old CPUs, but should still work) then remapping is supported.

Verify IOMMU Isolation

# find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ -type l
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/0/devices/0000:00:00.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/1/devices/0000:00:01.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/1/devices/0000:01:00.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/1/devices/0000:01:00.1
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices/0000:00:02.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/3/devices/0000:00:16.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/4/devices/0000:00:1a.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/5/devices/0000:00:1b.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/6/devices/0000:00:1c.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/7/devices/0000:00:1c.5
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/8/devices/0000:00:1c.6
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/9/devices/0000:00:1c.7
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/9/devices/0000:05:00.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/10/devices/0000:00:1d.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/11/devices/0000:00:1f.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/11/devices/0000:00:1f.2
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/11/devices/0000:00:1f.3
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/12/devices/0000:02:00.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/12/devices/0000:02:00.1
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/13/devices/0000:03:00.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/14/devices/0000:04:00.0

All Xeon processor support them (E3,E5) excluding Xeon E3-1200.

其他设置

lspci | grep NVIDIA

81:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [P106-100] (rev a1)
# 81:00.0 就是gpu pcie id

# vendor id
lspci -n -s 81:00.0

81:00.0 0302: 10de:1c07 (rev a1)

echo "options vfio-pci ids=10de:1c07" > /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf
echo "blacklist radeon" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 
echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 
echo "blacklist nvidia" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 

重启机器

新建GPU Passthrough kvm虚拟机

建立kvm时，需要注意

bios: ovmf
machine: q35

等安装完成后，再关闭虚拟机，然后修改/etc/pve/nodes/pve/qemu-server/vm-id.conf，加入

hostpci0: 81:00.0,pcie=1,x-vga=1

重启后，只能通过ssh登录进去，不能使用proxmox web ui中的vnc界面。